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BULLRUN Encryption Defeat Program

BULLRUN was one of the most consequential partially exposed programs in modern SIGINT history. This entry traces how the NSA and its British counterpart sought to preserve intelligence access in an age of expanding internet encryption, why the program was so secret, and how its public exposure reshaped trust in standards, products, and the wider security ecosystem.

Declassified / Nsa/declassified crypto defeat program/2026-03-29